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William H. Gruber (born 1935) is an American organizational theorist, consultant, author and lecturer, known for his work in the field of computer technology in business in the 1980s.〔Earl, Michael J. "Experiences in strategic information systems planning." ''MIS quarterly'' (1993): 1-24.〕〔Boynton, Andrew C., Robert W. Zmud, and Gerry C. Jacobs. "The influence of IT management practice on IT use in large organizations." ''Mis Quarterly'' (1994): 299-318.〕 == Life and work == Gruber obtained his BS from the University of Pennsylvania in 1956, and his PhD in economics from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1965 with the thesis, entitled "Productivity. Education and Changes In the Labor Force."〔American Economic Association. ''Directory of Members,'' (1969) , p. 169〕 Gruber had started his career in finance at the General Electric Company. After his graduation at MIT he became Associate Professor of Accounting at Northeastern University, and started the consulting firm Research and Planning Institute in West Newton, Massachusetts. In 1971 at the Northeastern University's School of Business Administration, he became director of the University's Northeastern University Research Program on the Management of Science and Technology. He also held research positions at the M.I.T. Sloan School of Management and at Harvard Business School.〔Louis T Wells, Jr., F. Michael Adler (1972) ''The Product Life Cycle and International Trade.'' p. 110〕 In the 1980s he moved to the MIT Sloan School of Management, where he was appointed Assistant Professor of Management, and was "economic consultant to the study contractor for the research on government patent policy sponsored by the Committee on Government Patent Policy." 〔''I.M.R.'' Vol. 9 (1986), p. 2〕 Gruber was a member of The Institute of Management Sciences, the American Economic Association, and the Industrial Relations and Research Association. In the 1990s he was Chief Information Officer (CIO) at the Risk Management Foundation (RMF) of the Harvard Medical Institutions, sold his consultancy firm to AppNet Systems, Inc.. and founded the Cambridge Innovation research (CIR).〔(William H. Gruber, Ph.D.: resume ), at ''williamgruber.com.'' Accessed 02-03-2015〕 Synnott and Gruber (1981) are credited to have coined the term Chief Information Officer (CIO),〔Wayne Eckerson. "(CIO concept makes slow progress in corporate U.S. )," ''Network World,'' 22 mei 1989. pp. 1, 8〕 and Gruber is credited to have coined the term Global Information Officer (GIO).〔Shailendra Palvia, Prashant Palvia, Ronald Zigli (1992), ''The Global Issues of Information Technology Management.'' p. 482〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「William H. Gruber」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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